Effect of pilates exercises on shoulder range of motion after breast cancer surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer surgery can potentially impair shoulder function by decreasing muscle strength and range of motion and, consequently, limiting activities of daily living. Advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment have increased patient survival, and functional rehabilitation is crucial to enhance quality of life. Studies show that Pilates exercises may improve functional capacity and shoulder range of motion. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Pilates exercises on shoulder range of motion (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and internal and external rotation) in women who underwent breast cancer surgery. Methods: This prospective quantitative study evaluated 42 women who underwent breast cancer surgery. Participants were assessed on admission and after 30 and 90 days of Pilates exercises program. The shoulder range of motion was measured using a goniometer. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UNIFAE, under Opinion No. 2,702,640. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in shoulder flexion (p=0.034), abduction (p=0.027), and external rotation (p=0.044) after the 30-day Pilates program, as well as after 90 days, and a non-significant increase (p=0.06) in internal rotation after the 90-day program. There was still a significant increase (p=0.018) in shoulder extension between 30 and 90 days of Pilates exercises. There were no significant differences in shoulder adduction range of motion between the three time points. Conclusion: The 90-day Pilates exercise program increased shoulder flexion, abduction, extension, and external and internal rotation after breast cancer surgery and was effective for shoulder rehabilitation, thus enhancing patients' daily life activities.